Bioinformatics Mcqs

Page No. 60

Which of the following is untrue about the Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average?


aThe simplest clustering method is UPGMA, which builds a tree by a sequential clustering method

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b Given a distance matrix, it starts by grouping two taxa with the largest pairwise distance in the distance matrix

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cThe distances between this new composite taxon and all remaining taxa are calculated to create a reduced matrix

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dThe grouping process is repeated and another newly reduced matrix is created

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View Answer Given a distance matrix, it starts by grouping two taxa with the largest pairwise distance in the distance matrix

Which of the following is untrue about distance based methods?


aThe computed evolutionary distances can be used to construct a matrix of The computed evolutionary distances can be used to construct a matrix of distances between all individual pairs of taxadistances between all individual pairs of taxa

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b Clustering is the only method among the algorithms for the distance-based tree-building method

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cThe clustering-type algorithms compute a tree based on a distance matrix starting from the most similar sequence pairs

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dBased on the pairwise distance scores in the matrix, a phylogenetic tree can be constructed for all the taxa involved

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View Answer Clustering is the only method among the algorithms for the distance-based tree-building method

In a heuristic tree search, only a small subset of all possible trees is examined.


aTrue

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bFalse

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ceither true and false

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dnone of the mentioned

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View Answer True

When the number of taxa exceeds twenty, even the branch-and-bound method becomes computationally unfeasible.


aTrue

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bFalse

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ceither true and false

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dnone of the mentioned

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View Answer True

The branch-and-bound method starts building trees in a similar way as in the exhaustive method.


aTrue

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bFalse

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ceither true and false

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dnone of the mentioned

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View Answer True

Which of the following is incorrect statement about branch-and-bound?


aIt uses a shortcut to find an MP tree

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bIt establishes an upper limit (or upper bound) for the number of allowed sequence variations

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cIt solely uses UPGMA method

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dIt starts by building a distance tree for all taxa involved

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View Answer It solely uses UPGMA method

Which of the following is incorrect statement about Tree-Searching Methods?


aThe choice of the first three taxa can be random

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bParsimony method examines all possible tree topologies to find the maximally parsimonious tree

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cIt starts by building a three taxa unrooted tree, for which only one topology is available

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dThis is different than exhaustive search method

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View Answer This is different than exhaustive search method

The unweighted method treats all mutations as equivalent.


aTrue

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bFalse

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ceither true and false

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dnone of the mentioned

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View Answer True

Because these ancestral character states are not known directly, multiple possible solutions may exist. In this case, the parsimony principle applies to choose the character states that result in a minimum number of substitutions.


aTrue

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bFalse

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ceither true and false

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dnone of the mentioned

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View Answer True

Which of the following is incorrect statement about Building Work of MP tree?


aIt works by searching for all possible tree topologies and reconstructing ancestral sequences that require the minimum number of changes to evolve to the current sequences

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bOther than informative sites are non-informative, which are constant sites or sites that have changes occurring only once

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c Informative sites are the ones that can often be explained by a unique tree topology

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dConstant sites have the same state in all taxa and are quite useful in evaluating the various topologies

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View Answer Constant sites have the same state in all taxa and are quite useful in evaluating the various topologies

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